Preheat your oven to 325°F (165°C). Thoroughly grease and flour a 10-inch bundt pan, making sure to reach all the nooks and crannies.
In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking soda, salt, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves.
In a large mixing bowl, use an electric mixer to combine oil and sugar until well blended, about 2 minutes. Add eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Stir in vanilla extract until fully incorporated.
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, mixing on low speed just until combined. Do not overmix.
Gently fold in the chopped apples and nuts (if using) with a rubber spatula.
Pour the batter into the prepared bundt pan, smoothing the top with a spatula. Bake for 60-65 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean or with a few moist crumbs.
Allow the cake to cool in the pan for exactly 15 minutes, then invert onto a wire rack to cool completely.
While the cake is cooling, prepare the glaze by simmering apple cider in a small saucepan over medium heat until reduced to 1/2 cup, about 20 minutes. Let cool slightly.
Whisk reduced cider with powdered sugar, melted butter, cinnamon, and salt until smooth and pourable.
Once the cake is completely cool, drizzle the glaze over the top, allowing it to flow naturally down the sides of the cake.