Combine flour, sugar, and salt in a food processor with several quick pulses. Add cold, cubed butter and pulse until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs – about 10-12 pulses.
Drizzle ice water one tablespoon at a time, pulsing between additions, until the dough just begins to come together when pinched.
Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface, form into a disk, and wrap in plastic. Chill for at least 30 minutes.
In a large bowl, gently toss the sliced apples with lemon juice to prevent browning.
In a separate bowl, combine brown sugar, spices, and cornstarch, then add to the apples and toss until evenly coated.
Pour in the moonshine and vanilla, tossing gently. Let this mixture sit for 10 minutes, allowing the flavors to meld and the apples to begin releasing their juices.
Preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C). Roll out the chilled dough on a floured surface to form a circle approximately 12 inches in diameter and about ⅛ inch thick.
Transfer to a 9-inch tart pan with a removable bottom, gently pressing into the bottom and sides. Trim excess dough or fold it over for a more rustic edge.
Arrange the apple slices in concentric circles, starting from the outside and working inward. Pour any remaining juices from the bowl over the arranged apples.
Bake the tart for 40-45 minutes, until the crust is golden brown and the apples are tender when pierced with a fork. If the edges begin to brown too quickly, cover them loosely with foil.
While the tart bakes, make the caramel sauce. Heat the sugar in a medium saucepan over medium heat, stirring constantly with a heat-resistant silicone spatula.
As the sugar begins to melt and turn amber (around 350°F if you're using a candy thermometer), add the butter and whisk until completely melted.
Remove from heat, slowly add the cream (be careful, it will bubble vigorously), and whisk until smooth. Stir in the moonshine and salt. Allow to cool slightly – the sauce will thicken as it cools.
Allow the tart to cool for at least 15 minutes before removing from the pan.
Drizzle with the warm caramel sauce just before serving, reserving some for individual servings.