Position your oven rack in the lower third of the oven and preheat to 375°F (190°C). Cube cold butter and return to the refrigerator while organizing other ingredients.
In a large bowl, whisk together flour, sugar, and salt for the crust. Add cold cubed butter and work it into the dry ingredients until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs with some pea-sized pieces remaining.
Add the sourdough discard and gently incorporate with a fork. Sprinkle ice water, one tablespoon at a time, mixing until the dough just comes together. Form into a disk, wrap in plastic, and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes.
While the crust chills, peel, core, and slice apples to a uniform ¼-inch thickness. In a large bowl, toss apple slices with lemon juice and zest.
Combine sugar, flour, cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice, and salt in a separate bowl. Sprinkle over the apples and gently toss until evenly coated. Let sit for 10-15 minutes to allow flavors to meld.
Make the crisp topping by combining oats, flour, brown sugar, cinnamon, and salt. Add cold cubed butter and work it in until the mixture forms crumbs of varying sizes. Stir in nuts if using. Refrigerate until ready to use.
Roll out the chilled dough on a floured surface to a 12-inch circle approximately ⅛-inch thick. Transfer to a 9-inch pie plate, press into corners, and trim excess leaving a ½-inch overhang. Fold overhang under and crimp edges decoratively.
Drain excess liquid from the apple filling. Arrange apples in the prepared crust, mounding slightly in the center.
Sprinkle crisp topping evenly over apples, covering the entire surface. Press down gently to compact slightly. Place pie on a parchment-lined baking sheet.
Bake for 50-55 minutes, until topping is golden brown and filling is bubbling at edges. Shield edges with foil after 30 minutes if browning too quickly.
Transfer to a wire rack and allow to cool completely for at least 2 hours before slicing to ensure proper setting of the filling.